![]() ![]() In the context of CO 2 capture alone, calcium looping has been proposed in which calcium oxide is used to capture CO 2 from flue gas streams to produce calcium carbonate. The emitted CO 2 can be directly removed using Ca- and Mg-bearing precursors to produce Ca- and Mg-bearing carbonates. Various energy conversion pathways involving carbon-based resources (e.g., coal, natural gas, biomass, waste plastics) such as combustion, gasification, and anaerobic digestion are accompanied by the evolution of CO 2. One of the advantages of ex situ processes is that products that can be employed for various applications such as inorganic carbonate can be produced, and therefore can be harnessed as CO 2 utilization pathways. Ex situ carbon mineralization can serve as a thermodynamically downhill strategy to capture and remove CO 2 from energy and resource conversion processes 7, 8 that utilize fossil fuels and contribute to more than 70% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the United States 9. ![]() Alternatively, ex situ carbon mineralization pathways can be developed where the captured CO 2 is mineralized into carbonates in engineered processes. CO 2 generated from power plants or industrial sources can be captured, compressed, and stored in reactive geologic formations where CO 2 in the fluid form mineralizes to produce water-insoluble calcium or magnesium carbonates, in a process known as in situ carbon mineralization. Prior to mastering these transformations, it is important to consider how these pathways can be integrated into energy and resource conversion processes. Co-generated CO 2 and alkaline industrial residues can be reacted to produce Ca- or Mg-carbonates at the location of interest. Alkaline industrial residues such as fly ash (e.g., Class C fly ash produced by burning lignite or coal has a higher lime content compared to anthracite and bituminous coals that result in Class F fly ash with lower lime content 6), cement kiln dust, steel slag, and red mud can store about 200–300 Mt of CO 2 annually 2. Mine tailings resulting from nickel extraction 3 and diamond production 4 and chrysotiles (fibrous hydrated magnesium silicates) in asbestos 5 are additional sources of alkalinity for carbon mineralization. About 10,000–1000,000 Gt of total carbon can be stored in naturally occurring mineral deposits 2. To learn more about the programs within the Office of Fossil Energy, visit the Office of Fossil Energy website or sign up for FE news announcements. More information about the National Energy Technology Laboratory is available on the NETL website.The availability of Ca- and Mg-bearing resources is crucial for implementing carbon mineralization pathways. The Office of Fossil Energy funds research and development projects to reduce the cost of advanced fossil energy technologies and further the sustainable use of the nation’s fossil resources. More information on this notice of intent can be found here. Technologies that convert CO 2 must show a net decrease in CO 2 emissions through life cycle analysis, display a potential to generate a marketable product and show that the product displays beneficial aspects when compared to commercially available products produced with existing state-of-the-art technology.Īpplications may be sought and accepted under a second closing date contingent upon the availability of appropriated funds and need. The intent of the FOA is to seek applications that aim to perform engineering-scale testing and validation of algae-based technologies and bioproducts. The primary objective of carbon utilization technology development is to lower the near-term cost of carbon capture through the creation of value-added products from the conversion of carbon dioxide. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) announced plans to make $8 million in Federal funding available for cost-shared research, development, and testing of technologies that can utilize carbon dioxide (CO 2) from power systems or other industrial sources for bio-mediated uptake by algal systems to create valuable products and services.įunding opportunity announcement (FOA) DE-FOA-0002403, Engineering-Scale Testing and Validation of Algae-Based Technologies and Bioproducts, will support the goals of DOE’s Carbon Utilization Program. ![]()
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